You can get a 일반건강검진 (general medical report), though this is not accepted for visas. The general medical report is free, once every two years: those born on even-numbered years go on even-numbered years, while those born on odd-numbered years go on odd-numbered years. The free medical report does not include drug or STD testing. If you request this medical report outside of your free year, you will have to pay for it out of pocket.

A public officials report (공무원 채용신체검사) is required of all public officials. This includes public school teachers.

Applying for or renewing an E-2 visa requires a medical report. It is the same as the Public Officials medical report (공무원 채용신체검사), with the addition of drug (약제비) and HIV tests.  It will cost between 30,000-110,000 won, depending on which hospital you go to. Generally, the bigger the hospital, the higher the fee. You must pay for the medical report out of your own pocket.

Immigration Service has a page with a list of approved hospitals for this report - however, this list was last updated in December 2014. Any hospitals with a 건강검진 (health screening) department should be able to do it.

For nearly all health screenings, you will go through a series of "stations", each with its own specialty: body measurements, dental, chest X-ray, hearing test, vision test, etc. Depending on the hospital, you will either have to undress and put on a hospital gown at the beginning of the whole process and continue to wear it throughout, or only for the chest X-ray. Women are to remove all upper underclothes (bras etc) while wearing the hospital gown, in preparation for the chest X-ray. At the gynecology station, only a Pap test will be performed.  Women will have to remove all lower-body clothing and put on a hospital gown, in preparation for the Pap test.