Parks:

Carterville Park Maeser Park Neighborhood Park Rotary Park West Park

Gyms:

24 Hour Fitness Gold's Gym - both of the Orem locations have bball courts, but not the Provo one Richards PE Building - on BYU campus Recreation Center

A couple apartment complexes have basketball courts

Raintree Apartments - they have an outdoor basketball hoop The Colony Crestwood Apartments - they have a 1/2 basketball court Branbury - they have an "all-sports court" Alpine Village - they have a basketball court

A lot of LDS Church buildings, especially stake centers, have basketball courts. Some of them are carpeted but some of them also have normal wood floors. If you happen to attend church in that building it will be easier to use, though just be aware of times that people can use it and any reservations that might pop up.